Wednesday, May 30, 2012

Science v. Politics


I was getting tired of the sterile science v. religion debate. I was looking for another dyad and most fortuitously I landed on one.
It is now, officially, science v. politics.
The questions to be addressed at the debate are varied. One of them goes, how should science and politics interact? This is the crux of an article I read in The Guardian [1].
Let us agree that it is mutual exploitation that exists between science and politics. Any government, going beyond politics yet inseparable from it, wants the seal of approval for its plans from science, however misconstrued the latter becomes in the process. Why else do you think a science degree course in astrology in universities was mooted in India some years ago (I do not know its status now)?
Science, on the other hand uses politics to sustain itself. One must read Steven Weinberg’s (a Nobel Prize winner for Physics) book Dreams of a Final Theory.
The book was published in the middle of a furious competition between the various states of the US for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), then envisaged as the biggest, baddest particle accelerator. And, wouldn’t you know, Weinberg was at University of Texas at Austin when Texas was one of the shortlisted states (the other I recall as Pennsylvania, if I am not wrong) for situating the high energy particle physics laboratory. There was also a vigorous debate about why the US should go in for an expensive science toy (about a billion USD) at all. Experimental physicists were aghast at this impudence of the society and governance.
They brought in their big guns to influence politicians and you do not get a bigger gun than Steven Weinberg! You must read the book, an excellent book yet a sales book – selling SSC to the politicians. As you can see, this exploitation is a two way street.
Does that make politics and science equal? Perish the thought.  Whatever science might be, it is not value-neutral. True, there is always the potential for science being above the fray, but in reality there is not one instance that potential has been realized. Please understand that I treat mathematics as beyond science. I have not argued with myself whether mathematics is value-neutral, if that has any meaning.
But politics does not even have that potential as it is inextricably value-based. Therefore, in my humble opinion, politics and science are not balanced on the scale of being value-laden. The former is heavier. Yet, they are mutual exploiters.
How does this affect the mutual exploitation? A politician can, and often does rely on science to validate a position, usually implicitly political, she has taken. However, scientists do not approach politicians for a certificate on a scientific matter. Science has, within its own ranks, its own politicians (Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke, for example) but the reference here is to politicians in governance.
But, for the overall good of the society, science and politics cannot pass each other by like two ships in the middle of the night. They need to interact, in full glare of public knowledge and publicity, and pretty much as equals. This is what happened in the case of both astrology as science in India, and SSC in Texas, USA.
In my opinion, science won the Indian bout and lost the fisticuffs in Texas (George Bush saw to it that SSC was dropped). But, beyond this apparent balancing of wins and losses, we must think how science must find its voice inside the parliament and other institutions of governance. But, it must also be that science must not be allowed to run riots, as may happen, with the support of the almost unlimited financial powers of biotech corporates, in shoving down our throats Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) giving the go by to prudent regulations and monitoring. No, I am not saying that we should shun GMOs, only that we give cautious respect to science and listen to the voices of people, that of the elected politicians in the parliament and elsewhere.
This is the kind of the scenario of checks and balances between and among the essential endeavors of various segments of society that should play out to achieve a dynamic society running safely.
This can happen if only the electorate knows how to elect people with a scientific bent of mind. This is the core difference between the religion-science and politics-science dyads. In the former there is no question of checks and balances. It is religion running amok, always and alas forever.
Raghuram Ekambaram
References
1.    Science and politics: chalk and cheese?, Adam Smith, The Guardian, May 4, 2012  

4 comments:

palahali said...

Scientists should get acquainted with the arts/science of governance. I agree there should be some science input in politics. More than actual science what one needs is the scientific temper. When we have people like MM Joshi,a physics provessor, believe that astrology is science

What we have done is to choose some scientists who probably did some good research in the past and crown them as our policymakers. It is their idea of science that is shoved down the throats of the country.

Tomichan Matheikal said...

The solution you suggest - that people with a scientific bent of mind should be elected to power - may not be feasible. Simply because such people may not know what to do with political power!

mandakolathur said...

Matheikal, may be it did not come out right. What I meant was the electorate must choose the person who has scientific temper (as mentioned by Palahali) from among the contestants. A person with scientific temper is more likely to change course if proven wrong. This cannot but be good for the society. Even repeat mistakes will tend to converge munificently.

RE

mandakolathur said...

You are absolutely right pala ... one of our scientific greats is well known for establishing parallels between QM and Advaita, a sustained campaign!

What else can you expect?

One is pure philosophical speculation and the other hard predictive science; yet this biggie conencted these two vigorously.

RE